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Swastikas in Cambridge Colleges

Did you know that we have examples of the Swastika in some of Cambridge’s world famous churches and chapels? Swastikas are found on a number of buildings here in Cambridge. Some have been incorporated into architectural embellishments such as the Svastika serpentine that once stood on the front elevation of the Old Schools near the Senate House. There was nothing wrong with this example. It was simply an elaboration of the Greek Fret motif that enables the development of the ‘Swastika’ to appear within the design.

Other terms used for this geometric device are ‘Gammadion’ (from the concatenation of the 4 large Greek gammas). It has strong links with Christian antiquity and the Roman catacombs in particular, from the third century onwards. This symbolic device is found in the chapel of Westminster College. The term ‘Fylfot-cross’ is less well documented, but is usually reserved for that form of Gammadion which has shorter legs than crossed arms. These symbols are located in the baptismal window of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, known locally and affectionately as the ‘Round Church’.

King’s College Chapel. A number of examples can be found in and around the structure of this world-famous church, but some are difficult to find or are now completely obscured from casual view. A Svastika-pelta is said to be found in the foundation part of the south wall, in the third chapel from the East. It is approximately 4 x 4 inches square and probably dates from about 1446; it is very likely that the stone that supports it came from the remains of some dismantled monastic building in the region. The equipment has recently been installed and the jelly is not currently visible.

Inside King’s College Chapel, an example of the Svastika motif can be found on the bronze pulpit, just behind the oak screen housing the organ. It was a gift from Robert Hacomblen, Kings Provost from 1509-28, and bears his name. To the right of “Robertus” is a curved Svastika form (perhaps a play on his last name, “emblem of the hook”?). The construction of the church involved the work of a large number of stonemasons and many of them have left their mark on the walls of the chapel. Masons’ marks were usually simple designs formed by straight lines, indicating that a piece of work was by a particular mason. A number of variations on the Svastika can be found on the side chapels.

Selwyn College. Visitors may be puzzled to find what appears to be a Svastika on part of the Selwyn College structure. It actually turns out to be a Japanese Mon; in this case the distinctive badge or recognition of the Hachisuka family. Two Japanese noblemen, one of whom was Marquis Tokugawa (1892-1955), were so grateful for the hospitality they had received at Selwyn College in previous years that they offered to fund a walkway to bridge the gap between the upper floor of the library and Level “C” in the main building built in 1929-1930.

As a token of this generosity, the college decided to establish the recognition, or mon, of the Hon. Hachisuka Masauji (1903-1953) on the cornerstone of the arch. Unfortunately, the Selwyn College Calendar entry for 1930-31 confused Monday with [better-known] The Tokugawa family which is the triple lobby. This manji symbol is widely used in Japanese heraldry, on war banners, and is often found next to the sun disk. The symbol is associated with a number of meanings, in a number of different contexts, such as ‘whirlpool’, ‘good luck’, ‘foundation of life’, ‘changing universe’, etc. It is also found on the flag of the city of Hirosaki, Aomori, on the northern tip of the island of Honshu.

Today, because of its long association with their religion, the manji symbol is used to mark the location of Buddhist temples on maps in both China and Japan. There are two types of manjhi; the URA manji, which has the crampons facing right (by convention called ‘recto’) and the OMOTE manji, which has the crampons facing left (by convention called ‘verso’). The form omote represents ‘endless mercy’, while the form ura represents ‘intellect’ and ‘strength’. The late 20th century movement, Shorinji Kempo, also for a time used the omote form of the manji as a distinctive symbol of membership. One might conclude from this that any form of manchi would be appropriate here in a center of learning founded in 1882 in memory of George Augustus Selwyn, the first bishop of New Zealand.

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