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Cisco CCNA – CCENT Certification Exam Training – Broadcasts, Hubs, Routers, And Switches
In a previous Cisco CCENT certification exam tutorial, we talked about broadcasts and the potential of a broadcast storm. (If you missed it, visit the Tutorial section of my website.) In today’s tutorial, we’ll discuss a few different common network devices and how they help limit transmission propagation—or in some cases , how they do not help!
In the “do not help” department, we will find hubs and repeaters. These two devices operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model (physical layer) and their sole purpose is to amplify electrical signals sent over cables. They have nothing to do with switching or routing and do not help limit transmissions. (A hub is basically just a repeater with more ports.)
On the other end of the spectrum, we have routers. Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model (network layer), and routers by default do not forward broadcasts. They can be configured to “translate” certain types of broadcast to unicast, but you will learn more about this in your CCNA studies.
Since routers do not forward broadcasts, there is a misconception that routers have nothing to do with broadcasts. Routers can indeed generate streams and can receive them – but they won’t forward them. This is an important distinction.
Between these two extremes, we find switches. Switches operate at layer 2 of the OSI model (the data link layer), and the default behavior of a switch is to accept a transmission and forward it out on every other single port on that switch except the port that received the transmission. seen.
If that sounds like a lot of streaming, it is! If we have an 80-port switch and one port receives a broadcast, by default a copy of that broadcast will be forwarded by the other 79 ports. Most likely, not all hosts connected to those switch ports need to see that broadcast, and sending unnecessary broadcast results in an unnecessary use of network resources, especially bandwidth.
Fortunately for us, there is a way to configure a Cisco switch to limit the ports that receive that broadcast, and we’ll take a look at this method in the next installment of my Cisco CCENT certification exam tutorial series !
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