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How to Paint With Oils
Paint is created by combining dry pigment and liquid. In oil paints, the liquid used is linseed oil. You buy oil paint in tubes. The paint is thick. So when you squeeze it onto your palette, blend it with your palette knife and use a stiff brush to apply it to your canvas. The thickness and composition of the paint means that it dries very slowly. Oil paintings usually take about 72 hours to dry.
The upside of the delayed drying time is that you can make adjustments to refine your painting. This can be done up to twelve hours after you have painted the canvas. You can make gradual shifts from one color to another. If you are using oil paints, you can also remove things completely from your canvas with your palette knife or a damp cloth. Once the paint is completely dry, you can then apply new colors on top of the original paint layer. However, keep in mind that to avoid cracking, each subsequent layer must be thicker than the previous one
The downside to using oil paints is that when you paint one color next to another on your canvas, they easily smudge each other.
To begin an oil painting, you need to sketch your subject on the canvas. You can use thinned paint or a piece of charcoal to achieve this. However, if you use charcoal, then it should be sprayed with a fixative to isolate it from the colors. That’s one advantage of using paint to sketch the subject is that you don’t need fixatives. Sometimes people transfer drawings to canvas. A drawing on thin tracing paper is attached to the canvas. Carbon paper is then used to transfer the drawing. Trace over the drawing with the carbon paper placed underneath it. A ballpoint pen will enable you to see where you have already traced. Once finished, fixative is needed to seal it from the paint.
Brushes are used to apply paint to the canvas. The brush is the most vital tool an artist has. One of the signs of a talented artist is the difficulty of painting with poor quality brushes. You want a brush that retains its shape even when filled with paint. At the end of each stroke, the brush will return to its original shape. Brushes come in either sable or boar bristles. Bristle brushes are suitable for large areas on the canvas. Sable brushes are best for smaller areas and detail work. Oil paint brushes come in flat, fiber, glitter or round. Flat brushes are the most versatile brushes, used for a variety of strokes and blends. Filberts make a stronger edge. The lighting allows your brush strokes to show through. Rounds are for detail work.
Typically, you will paint with oils in layers. The first layer is the base of the painting. Typically, these are just the values trapped in the paint—the lights, mediums, and darks of the painting. The second layer outlines the drawing or vision of the painter. Subsequent layers add detail to the painting.
Start with a basic set of colors that will allow you to mix and match to create whatever shade you want. Basically, you want to buy a white, black, and then a warm and cool shade of each color. Buy the cheaper artist colors rather than student colors as they are of better quality. Titanium white is a good choice for white because it dries quickly. If you buy a warm and cool version of each primary color, you’ll find it easier to mix. Many experts also suggest buying a warm and cool green. You will quickly learn how to mix colors.
The best way to develop skill with oil painting is to practice. There are also many oil painting exercises. Ultimately, you want to master basic shapes, values within colors, spacing, and texture. Over time, your skills will improve and you will learn more nuanced painting techniques. Above all, you must be patient with yourself.
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