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Cocoa Touch Introductory Overview For Programmers Brought Up on C
Cocoa Touch is a framework for developing touch screen applications: it includes UI elements, event dispatching, application lifecycle, etc. This also includes object wrappers around core data types (arrays, collections).
Most Cocoa Touch classes are designed to be called directly from your code; you can subclass these classes to add functionality, but you need to do this much less often in Cocoa Touch than in other languages.
The Cocoa Touch application frameworks contain most of the classes you will use to develop your first applications. The term comes from Cocoa, the object-oriented frameworks developed for Mac OS X programming (and NextStep before it), along with GUI classes uniquely designed for use on a mobile device with a touchscreen (hence “Touch”) .
The Cocoa Touch foundation framework includes core data classes, includes core services, and establishes some core programming conventions that cannot be expressed by the Objective-C language alone, such as memory management techniques. Almost all Cocoa classes inherit from a root class, NSObject defined in Foundation.
Perhaps the first and most important thing to discover in Foundation are its data management classes, which are used throughout Cocoa in place of procedural C equivalents. For example, in traditional C, the null-ending char array , is almost never used in Cocoa. Instead, you use NSString, which represents not only character data, but also its encoding: with rich support for Unicode (and UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings), NSString makes it easy to handle text in any of dozens of character sets on iPhone.
Cocoa also provides a deep set of collection classes, obviating the need for most uses of C arrays (or hand-rolled collections like linked lists and hashtables). Three classes are used to collect Cocoa objects: NSArray for ordered collections of objects. NSSet for unordered collections and NSDictionary for mapping key objects to value objects. These three collections are immutable – once initialized, they cannot be changed. If you want to add, delete, or change their contents, use the mutable subclasses NSMutableArray, NSMutableSet, and NSMutableDictionary.
Collections can only store NSO objects. If you have C primitives, you can pass them around Cocoa with the NSData and NSMutableData wrapper classes, which wrap a byte buffer, and NSNumber, an object container for any of C’s scalar (numeric) types, such as int , float , or bool .
Cocoa has several more specific data classes, including NSURL for URLs (including file://-style URLs that represent items on the local file system, although you often use NSString paths as well), and the measurement classes time like NSDate and NSTimeZone.
The “Touch” part of Cocoa Touch is mainly represented by the UIKit framework, also imported by default in every iPhone app. This framework provides the drawing model, event handling, application lifecycle, and other essentials for a touch-based application. You will primarily interact with it through the various UI component classes it provides: UIButton, UlTextView, UlTableView, and so on. Between the data types in Foundation and the UI components in UIKit, Cocoa Touch gives you a great foundation on which to start coding your app.
In summary, you should now understand that; Cocoa and Cocoa Touch are software frameworks that give developers the power to create intuitive applications using the Mac OS X desktop and port them seamlessly to iPhone OS. It is this tight integration into the Xcode development scheme, (Apple calls it their developer ecosystem) that makes developing applications under the big Apple environment such a smooth process. In addition, Cocoa’s higher-level API configuration makes the tasks of adding “cool” features like grid, animation, and the i-Family set view to your app, with relatively efficient coding, very easy. easier than other programming environments… we put in the time to learn its features. Like anything smart, you should do some education before starting your career.
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