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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) or Chronic Lung Disease in Your Premature Baby
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or Chronic lung disease is a problem that usually occurs in premature babies born more than 4 weeks premature (up to 36 weeks gestation), weighing less than 3 ½ pounds (less than 1,500 grams), and within the first 4 weeks after birth. Premature babies with BPD have lungs that don’t work properly, making breathing very difficult. Extra oxygen is needed and many times a breathing apparatus (ventilator) is needed. Premature babies develop BPD from immature lungs, high oxygen levels, ventilators, infections, pneumonia, or other environmental sources that cause lung irritation.
Breathing problems in these premature babies must be treated quickly because it can lead to low oxygen levels in the blood, which affects the brain, heart, liver and kidneys of the premature baby. However, health care providers must be careful not to be too aggressive, as some treatments can carry their own risk factors if used too freely or frequently. Many times the risks must be weighed to determine which options are in the best interest of the child’s survival and which can change at any moment.
Some symptoms of BPD may include tachypnea, coughing, wheezing, chest retraction, wobbly breathing, neck stretching, and episodes of blue skin. Doctors confirm the diagnosis and severity of BPD with a chest X-ray, assess the length of time oxygen is needed, and determine if lung injury has occurred. Treating BPD is complicated because there is no specific treatment or drug to get rid of it.
Treating symptoms with oxygen, infection with medication, and keeping the premature baby well-nourished with the right amount of fluids will give the baby’s lungs a chance to mature and heal. Sometimes a premature baby appears to show symptoms of BPD, but the diagnosis will be Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). RDS, also known as hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, is one of the most common lung problems in premature babies. Premature babies who survive BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) tend to grow more slowly than usual and be smaller than children of the same age.
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