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Do You Know the History of the Bible?
This is a brief history of the development of the Bible and some of its various translations. The Christian Bible holds the honor of being the first book ever published in volume and the most published book in history to date. It has been written in almost every language spoken in the world today.
Like many ancient works, the earliest parts of the Bible were passed down orally before they were ever written down. Many devout Jews today believe that the complete text of what Christians call the Bible “The Old Testament” was given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. The earliest origin of the Bible may always be a matter of faith, but the fact remains that after the Bible was first recorded, there were many different versions in many different languages. Only in the first century BC (Before the Common Era, also known as BC) the Jews agreed on their canon of writing.
The earliest written parts of the Bible found were transcribed into three languages. What scholars call the Hebrew Bible (the same books that Jews call the Tanakh, or Written Torah, and Christians call the Old Testament) was first written in Hebrew with some chapters of the books of Ezra and Daniel recorded in Aramaic. Hebrew had long been the language of the Jewish people, so his scriptures were transmitted in Hebrew. Some of the books of the Hebrew Bible may have been written as early as 1,400 BCE, although most of the text was probably written between 900 and 400 BCE.
Aramaic is a Semitic language that was widely spoken from 600 to 200 BC. in the near Middle East. It was one of the common languages of the region until the 13th century, when Arabic became more prominent. Many people today believe that Jesus and his apostles spoke Aramaic. Aramaic was the spoken language in Mel Gibson’s movie “The Passion of the Christ” which was subtitled in several languages.
The Christian New Testament was written in the common Greek of the Mediterranean region and parts of the Middle East at that time in the first century CE. (Common Era, also known as AD). This form of Greek is called Common Greek. It developed from classical Greek and spread with the conquests of Alexander the Great. As different people began to use the language, it evolved and changed into Koine Greek between 300 BC. and 300 AD This form that many scholars believe may have been the second language of Jesus and his apostles — after all, the New Testament gospels depict Jesus speaking to Pontius Pilate, who would be more likely to understand Greek than Aramaic . The Books that one day became the New Testament were probably written primarily in Greek because it was the common language around the Mediterranean at the time of its founding.
The oldest extant list of the books of the NT, exactly numbered and in the order in which we have them today, is written by Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in his Epistle number 39 of 367 AD.
382 AD Pope Damasus I, in a letter, listed the books of the New Testament in their current number and order.
393 AD The Council of Hippopotamus confirmed the Canon written by Bishop Athanasios.
397 AD The Council of Carthage confirmed the Canons of the Old and New Testaments. Saint Jerome’s translation, “The Latin Vulgate”, is to this day the official Bible of the Catholic Church. The Bibles that Catholics use today have the same 46 books in the Old Testament that they had before the beginning of Christianity. The Vulgate was designed to be a definitive and officially published translation of the Bible, improving on many translations then in use. It was the first, and for many centuries the only, Christian Bible with an Old Testament translated directly from the Hebrew and not from the Greek Septuagint.
Catholic Bibles have 73 books. 46 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New Testament. Protestant Bibles have 66 books with only 39 in the Old Testament. Books missing from Protestant Bibles are: Tobit, Judith, Baruch, Wisdom, Sirach, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and parts of Esther and Daniel. They are called “Deuterocanonical” by Catholics and “Apocrypha” by Protestants.
419 AD The Fourth Council of Carthage reaffirmed the Canons as defined in previous councils.
1442 AD At the Council of Florence, the entire Church recognized the 27 books, although it does not declare them invariable. This council confirmed the Roman Catholic Canon of the Bible that Pope Damasus I had promulgated a thousand years earlier.
The Council of Trent 1546-1565, which was the longest-running Council in the history of the Church. At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church confirmed once and for all the full list of 27 books as traditionally accepted.
In the mid-15th century, when Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type, the Latin Vulgate version of the Christian Bible was the first work he printed. On September 30, 1452, Johann Guttenberg’s Bible was published and became the first book to be published in a volume, of which approximately 180 were printed. The pages of the books were not bound and the date 1455 is documented on the spine by the binder for a bound copy in Paris.
In July 1604 AD, King James of England wrote to Bishop Bancroft that he had proposed 54 learned men (linguists and bibliologists) to retranslate the Bible, (but only 47 actually took part) in what became known as The King James Version. (KJV) and published in 1611. Many Christian fundamentalists today believe that this version is found in the one and only true version of God’s Holy Word.
Over the centuries it became increasingly difficult for some people to truly understand the vernacular (Old English). Therefore, a new translation was made for the first time called The New King James Version (NKJV) which had 130 translators in this version. (NKJV) was published in three stages: New King James Bible, New Testament. 1979 New King James Bible, New Testament and Psalms; 1980 New King James Version of the Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments. 1982.
The New American Standard Bible (NASB) was translated in 1971 by 58 scholars. The (NASB) has attempted to render the grammar and terminology in modern English. Special care has been taken in rendering the tenses of the verbs in order to give the English reader a rendering as close as possible to the meaning of the original Greek and Hebrew texts. In 1995, the (NASB) text was updated for greater understanding and smoother reading.
Christians today continue to yearn for a better understanding of the Word and a closer relationship with God, came the New International Version (NIV). More than 100 scholars from six English-speaking countries, as well as editors and English stylists, worked on the (NIV). Scholars represented more than 20 denominations. It took 10 years to complete the translation (NIV). The process started in 1968 and was completed in 1978. This does not include more than 10 years of design before 1968. Since then it has become one of the most popular versions.
The New Century Version of the Bible is a revision of the International Bible for children. (ICB) is aimed at young readers and those with low reading skills/limited English vocabulary. It is written at a 3rd grade level (from the introduction) and is both conservative and evangelical. The New Testament was first published in 1978, followed by the Old Testament in 1986. The (ICB) was somewhat revised to be a little more advanced (level 5 reading) and called the New Century Version (NCV). This revised version was first published in 1991. Recently, the New Century Version text was combined with notes containing advice on teenage topics to form “The Youth Bible” and updated in 2007. (NCV) is now available as a stand single version.
To me, the word “BIBLE” means; Basic instructions before you leave Earth. I truly feel that everyone should read a copy of it and gain from the insight and benefit of its words.
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